If You're Going to Go Gluten Free Don't Be Dumb About It. Gluten is incredible for its ability to piss off a diverse spectrum of people: Folks who are giving it up for a diet, folks who say it’s stupid to give up gluten, and folks with celiac disease who probably just wish they could avoid their symptoms and their gluten in peace. A team of researchers is trying to add data to the question of whether or not a gluten- free diet has health benefits, with a new study that analyzes questionnaires filled out by over a hundred thousand people. They’ve concluded that those who don’t suffer from celiac disease or a wheat sensitivity shouldn’t avoid gluten. They think there may even be harm in doing so—but others aren’t so sure about that.“There’s a lot of interest in the lay public regarding gluten free diet,” study author Andrew Chan from Harvard Medical School told Gizmodo. But that hasn’t been critically examined.”The dataset the authors used in the paper, published today in the British Medical Journal, wasn’t specifically collected to study gluten- free diets. Around 6. 5,0. 00 women from the Nurses Health Study, which started in 1. Health Professional’s Follow- up Study that started in 1. The researchers estimated the participants’ gluten intake based on the answers to the questionnaire, and compared those estimates to the incidence of coronary heart disease. Their estimates showed that a lower- gluten diet was not associated with a lower chance of disease. ![]() Other nutritionists agreed with the assessment that you shouldn’t adopt a gluten free diet if you don’t have to. But when they made another tweak to their analysis, analyzing the subjects for differences in their whole grain intake, they found that more gluten consumption was associated with a lower risk of heart disease—possibly because people weren’t getting the benefits from eating whole grains.“It raised the possibility that if you adhere long term to a gluten free diet, then you miss other essential nutrients and that might have a negative effect,” said Chan. Other nutritionists agreed with the assessment that you shouldn’t adopt a gluten free diet if you don’t have to. She says that this study adds clarity to whether this sort of fad diet has benefits. Alessio Fasano, Chair of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition at Massachusetts General Hospital and celiac disease expert, agreed that gluten free diets are unnecessary for those who don’t suffer from celiac disease or a non- celiac wheat sensitivity. But he didn’t find the study’s results compelling. He pointed out that the datasets, though large, are not intended to study gluten- free versus gluten- filled diets. ![]() He compared the study to trying to build a boat with motorcycle parts. He agrees with his study’s results and its conclusion, that gluten- free diets don’t have cardiovascular benefits and could lead to worse health from fewer whole grains. But Lebwohl points out that “more research is necessary to determine additional future health implications of a gluten- free diet in people without celiac disease or non- celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity.”So, what should you do? Lichtenstein suggests you just find a diet that works for you, one that includes foods you actually like to eat. The important thing is the long term.”. Recreational drug use - Wikipedia. Recreational drug use is the use of a psychoactive drug to alter one's mental state in a way that modifies emotions, perceptions, and feelings for recreational purposes. ![]() When a substance enters the user's body, it brings on an intoxicating effect, often referred to as a . Generally, people use recreational drugs that fall into three categories: depressants (these drugs produce a feeling of relaxation and calmness); stimulants (these drugs give the user a sense of energy and alertness); and psychedelic drugs (these cause hallucinations and perceptual distortions that some users find appealing). In popular usage, it is generally considered to be a tolerated social behaviour rather than a serious medical condition such as self- medication. Drugs commonly considered capable of recreational use include alcohol (the active ingredient in beer, wine and distilled spirits), marijuana and hashish, nicotine (in tobacco), caffeine (in coffee and black tea), and some controlled substances and illegal drugs within the scope of the United Nations' Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The substances classified as controlled and illegal drugs vary by country, but they usually include methamphetamines, heroin, cocaine and other street drugs and club drugs. In 2. 00. 9 it was estimated that about 3% to 6% of people aged 1. Some of the most common theories are: genetics, personality type, psychological problems, self- medication, gender, age, instant gratification, basic human need, curiosity, rebelliousness, a sense of belonging to a group, family and attachment issues, history of trauma, failure at school or work, socioeconomic stressors, peer pressure, juvenile delinquency, availability, historical factors, or sociocultural influences. Instead, experts tend to apply the biopsychosocial model. Any number of these factors are likely to influence an individual’s drug use as they are not mutually exclusive. ![]() Manage your page to keep your users updated View some of our premium pages: google.com. Upgrade to a Premium Page.
![]() Plant, many people go through a period of self- redefinition before initiating recreational drug use. They tend to view using drugs as part of a general lifestyle that involves belonging to a subculture that they associate with heightened status and the challenging of social norms. Plant says, “From the user's point of view there are many positive reasons to become part of the milieu of drug taking. The reasons for drug use appear to have as much to do with needs for friendship, pleasure and status as they do with unhappiness or poverty. Becoming a drug taker, to many people, is a positive affirmation rather than a negative experience.”. The ability to use botanical chemicals to serve the function of endogenousneurotransmitters may have improved survival rates, conferring an evolutionary advantage. A typically restrictive prehistoric diet may have emphasised the apparent benefit of consuming psychoactive drugs, which had themselves evolved to imitate neurotransmitters. There are many factors in the environment and within the user that interact with each drug differently. Overall, some studies suggest that alcohol is one of the most dangerous of all recreational drugs; only heroin, crack cocaine, and methamphetamines are judged to be more harmful. However, studies which focus on a moderate level of alcohol consumption have concluded that there can be substantial health benefits from its use, such as decreased risk of cardiac disease, stroke and cognitive decline. Researcher David Nutt stated that these studies showing benefits for . These drugs are not without their own particular risks. Advocates of this philosophy point to the many well- known artists and intellectuals who have used drugs, experimentally or otherwise, with few detrimental effects on their lives. Responsible drug use becomes problematic only when the use of the substance significantly interferes with the user's daily life. Responsible drug use advocates that users should not take drugs at the same time as activities such as driving, swimming, operating machinery, or other activities that are unsafe without a sober state. Responsible drug use is emphasized as a primary prevention technique in harm- reduction drug policies. Harm- reduction policies were popularized in the late 1. For example, people who inject illicit drugs can minimize harm to both themselves and members of the community through proper injecting technique, using new needles and syringes each time, and proper disposal of all injecting equipment. Prevention. Evidence is insufficient to tell if behavioral interventions help prevent recreational drug use in children. Subcultures have emerged among users of recreational drugs, as well as among those who abstain from them, such as teetotalism and . In video games, for example, enemies are often drug dealers, a narrative device that justifies the player killing them. Other games portray drugs as a kind of . Drinking alcohol creates intoxication, relaxation and lowered inhibitions. It is produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts to create wine, beer, and distilled liquor (e. In most areas of the world, apart from certain countries where Muslim sharia law is used, it is legal for those over a certain age (typically 1. It is an IARC 'Group 1' carcinogen and a teratogen. Prescribed for ADHD, narcolepsy, depression and weight loss. A potent central nervous systemstimulant, in the 1. Axis and Allied troops in World War II, and, later on, other armies, and by Japanese factory workers. It increases muscle strength and fatigue resistance and improves reaction time. It contains at least 8. The primary psychoactive component is THC, which mimics the neurotransmitter anandamide, named after the Hinduananda, . Whether these properties will be beneficial in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in the future is an exciting topic that undoubtedly warrants further investigation. A popular derivative, crack cocaine is typically smoked. When transformed into its freebase form, crack, the cocaine vapour may be inhaled directly. This is thought to increase bioavailability, but has also been found to be toxic, due to the production of methylecgonidine during pyrolysis. However, he failed to notice its psychedelic potential until 1. It played a central role in 1. October 1. 96. 8 by US President Lyndon B Johnson. Commonly abused opioids include oxycodone, hydrocodone, codeine, fentanyl, heroin, and morphine. Opioids have a high potential for addiction and have the ability to induce severe physical withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of frequent use. Heroin can be smoked, insufflated or turned into a solution with water and injected. Psilocybin mushrooms: This hallucinogenic drug was an important drug in the psychedelic scene. Until 1. 96. 3, when it was chemically analysed by Albert Hofmann, it was completely unknown to modern science that psilocybe semilanceata (. Nicotine is the key drug contained in tobacco leaves, which are either smoked, chewed or snuffed. It contains nicotine, which crosses the blood–brain barrier in 1. It mimics the action of the neurotransmitteracetylcholine at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain and the neuromuscular junction. The neuronal forms of the receptor are present both post- synaptically (involved in classical neurotransmission) and pre- synaptically, where they can influence the release of multiple neurotransmitters. Many drugs can be consumed in more than one way. For example, marijuana can be swallowed like food or smoked, and cocaine can be . Drugs that are injected include morphine and heroin, less commonly other opioids. Stimulants like cocaine or methamphetamine may also be injected. In rare cases, users inject other drugs. GHB, ecstasy pills with MDMA or various other substances (mainly stimulants and psychedelics), prescription and over- the- counter drugs (ADHD and narcolepsy medications, benzodiazapines, anxiolytics, sedatives, cough suppressants, morphine, codeine, opioids and others)intrarectal: administering into the rectum, most water- soluble drugs can be used this waysmoking (see also the section below): tobacco, cannabis, opium, crystal meth, phencyclidine, crack cocaine and heroin (diamorphine as freebase) known as chasing the dragontransdermal patches with prescription drugs: e. Intravenous route is the most efficient, but also one of the most dangerous. Nasal, rectal, inhalation and smoking are safer. The oral route is one of the safest and most comfortable, but of little bioavailability. Depressants. Examples of these kinds of effects may include anxiolysis, sedation, and hypotension. Depressants are widely used throughout the world as prescription medicines and as illicit substances. When these are used, effects may include anxiolysis (reduction of anxiety), analgesia (pain relief), sedation, somnolence, cognitive/memory impairment, dissociation, muscle relaxation, lowered blood pressure/heart rate, respiratory depression, anesthesia, and anticonvulsant effects. Depressants exert their effects through a number of different pharmacological mechanisms, the most prominent of which include facilitation of GABA or opioid activity, and inhibition of adrenergic, histamine or acetylcholine activity. Some are also capable of inducing feelings of euphoria (a happy sensation). Stimulants or . Antihistamines are used as treatment for allergies. Allergies are caused by an excessive response of the body to allergens, such as the pollen released by grasses and trees. An allergic reaction causes release of histamine by the body. Other uses of antihistamines are to help with normal symptoms of insect stings even if there is no allergic reaction. Their recreational appeal exists mainly due to their anticholinergic properties, that induce anxiolysis and, in some cases such as diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, and orphenadrine, a characteristic euphoria at moderate doses. High dosages taken to induce recreational drug effects may lead to overdoses.
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